For the past week, it has been impossible to search for the word “IPO” in Google and not be inundated with stories on the Facebook’s debut on the stock market.
However, over the course of the week, there has been a visible shift in the tone of the stories. From wondering whether Facebook’s IPO would open the floodgates for other social media companies, analysts are now left wondering why the Facebook IPO flopped and failed to provide the so called post-listing “pop.”
While it’s still really early to gauge if this social networking fairytale will change into a grotesque Lovecraftian story, one thing is clear — Facebook is not alone in the clubhouse when it comes to big names that underperformed during the early stages of their going public. Here are seven other notable members of that club from the not so distant past:
1. Groupon
Groupon is the prime example of how an Internet darling can suffer a quick, steep fall from its pedestal. The deal Web site quickly caught the interest of consumers by offering deals on everything from pizzas to travel getaways to household items. However, the road it took to its IPO was very rocky and included an investigation from the US Securities and Exchange Commission and top management leaving the company. After abruptly canceling its IPO in September of 2011, Groupon finally went public in November of the same year with a share price of $20.
Initially, the shares continued to be traded above that amount, reaching a peak of $31.14. However, in less than twenty days since its listing, the shares were being traded at almost $4 less than the launch price or about $16 per share.
Groupon has never managed to gain footing since then and at the time of writing, its shares were being traded at less than $12.
2. Zynga
In spite of being responsible for the most popular games on the planet (Words With Friends, Farmville, etc), Zynga is not a company that’s liked universally. Many blame it for forcing players to pay real money to get benefits in-game and others accuse it of plagiarizing content for most of its games. However, none of that mattered when Zynga announced its intentions of raising $1 billion by going public in December 2011 at a price of $10 per share. The stock received much attention and investors hoped to make a killing.
However, in a debut that would make Paris Hilton’s film debut look successful, Zynga shares failed to take flight and fell below the $10 IPO price on the day of listing. Although the share value did manage to claw its way back up to a peak of $14.69 in March of this year, Facebook’s debacle in the market has pulled Zynga shares down to an all time of low of just below $7.
3. Vonage
For the uninitiated, Vonage is one of the largest players in the VoIP industry. In May of 2006, Vonage went public with a share price of $17 raising about $530 million. What made Vonage’s IPO unique was that it approached its customers to be the initial investors and offered to sell them the company’s shares. Many of Vonage’s customers accepted and sent in their orders for the company’s shares.
Since you’ve gotten this far in the article, you know the story will not take a turn towards sunshine and daisies. Vonage’s shares took a beating on the very first day and dropped almost 13 per cent below the offer price. The share price has almost continuously slid since then and is now resting at $1.70, a drop of 90 per cent in six years.
The Vonage customers that had opted to buy the stock did not get their shares issued immediately and only received them after much of its value had been wiped out by the stock market.
4. Rackspace
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Mark Zuckerberg (and other Facebook investors), take heart. For every one of the horror stories listed above, there’s also a Rackspace that not only managed to survive a disappointing IPO but has continued to grow since then, increasing its share price by almost 500 per cent.
Rackspace, an IT hosting company that runs datacentres, went public in August 2008 with a share price of $12.50. Unfortunately, from the first trade, the listing price resolutely remained below the offer price. The share price continued dropping and even reached a low of about $4.5. It took almost a year for Rackspace’s shares to cross the IPO price and since then there has been no looking back. The company’s shares reached almost $60 and are currently being traded at just above $51.
5. Demand Media
In polite terms, Demand Media is referred to as a “content farm”, a company that owns many sites serving content that is tailored to meet the trends that are popular in Google search. For the impolite terms, you’ll have to go to sites other than this one.
In early 2011, Demand Media launched its IPO, setting a target of about $150 million with a share price of $17. The shares quickly caught the attention of investors and the shares reached a peak of $25 on the first day itself. Although thereafter the share price did fall a bit, it continued to be traded above the IPO price.
Announced in February 2011, Google Panda was an update designed to bring “quality” content to top of Google search results. The update was rolled out globally in April 2011 and almost immediately, Demand Media started paying the price. The share price slid below the IPO price and went into a free fall reaching a low of $5.47 in October 2011. The shares haven’t reached double-digits since then and are currently being traded at just over $9.
6. Pandora Media
Pandora Media is responsible for Pandora Radio, an Internet music radio service available in the US. In 2010, thanks to the popularity of the service, Pandora Media was touted as one of the hottest tech companies. To capitalize on its new found glory, Pandora Media decided to float more than 14.5 million shares at $16 per share to raise $235 million.
Pandora Media’s shares were listed considerably higher on the day of the IPO but the value dropped quickly. Within two days of trading, the shares dropped to a low of below $13. Analysts quickly blamed the intensifying competition and growing royalty fees for the company’s bleak showing. Since then, although Pandora Media’s shares have sporadically exceeded the IPO price, the performance has been disappointing. It is currently being traded at about $10, a 50 per cent drop from the IPO price.
7. Skullcandy
While it may look like a company with the name Skullcandy has no place in the stock market, in July 2011 the popular audio accessory manufacturer did in fact launch an IPO with a share price of $20.
The shares prices didn’t really gather any steam and plateaued at the IPO price itself on the first day. For the next couple of months, the shares hovered around the $17-$19 mark and by the time 2012 rolled in, it had dropped below $13 and till date continues to trade at around the level.
Analysts pointed out that the weak performance could be explained by the fact that since the company’s products have “cult” status and are endorsed by musicians such as Jay-Z and Snoop Dogg, they could be facing negative public opinion for going “mainstream.”
Which makes it, perhaps, the best explanation I’ve read for a damp squib of an IPO.